1. Location: Ovaries are located in the lower abdomen, on either side of the uterus. They are usually almond-shaped in humans and produce, store, and release eggs (ova) as part of the menstrual cycle.
2. Egg Production: Each ovary contains numerous follicles, which are fluid-filled sacs that house the eggs. At the beginning of each menstrual cycle, several follicles start to develop. However, typically, only one dominant follicle reaches maturity and releases an egg through a process called ovulation.
3. Ovulation: Ovulation occurs when the mature egg is released from the ovary and travels down the fallopian tube, where it can be fertilized by sperm if it encounters any. If the egg is not fertilized, it disintegrates and is shed with the uterine lining during menstruation.
4. Hormonal Function: In addition to producing eggs, the ovaries also release hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone. These hormones play critical roles in regulating the menstrual cycle, sexual development, and the maintenance of pregnancy.
5. Menstrual Cycle: The release of eggs and the production of hormones by the ovaries are central to the menstrual cycle, which occurs cyclically in women of reproductive age. The menstrual cycle typically lasts around 28 days and involves the preparation of the uterine lining for potential pregnancy, which sheds if pregnancy does not occur, leading to menstrual bleeding.
It's important to note that ovaries are paired organs, and women have two ovaries. Both ovaries contribute to egg production and hormone regulation, ensuring reproductive health and overall well-being in females.