Most plants reproduce sexually through flowers. Flowers contain male and female reproductive organs called stamens and pistils. The stamens produce pollen, which contains the male gametes (sperm). The pistils produce ovules, which contain the female gametes (eggs).
When a flower is pollinated, pollen is transferred from the stamens to the pistils. The pollen then germinates and produces a pollen tube, which grows down the style of the pistil to the ovary. The pollen tube delivers the sperm to the eggs, which fertilizes them. The fertilized eggs then develop into seeds.
Some plants also reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction occurs when a new plant is created from a part of an existing plant. This can occur through vegetative propagation, such as when a new plant grows from a stem or leaf cutting. It can also occur through apomixis, which is the process by which a plant produces seeds without fertilization.
Animals
Most animals reproduce sexually through mating. Mating occurs when a male and female animal come together and the male inserts his penis into the female's vagina. The male then ejaculates, releasing sperm into the female's reproductive tract. The sperm travels to the female's fallopian tubes, where it fertilizes the eggs. The fertilized eggs then develop into embryos.
Some animals also reproduce asexually. Asexual reproduction occurs when a new animal is created from a part of an existing animal. This can occur through asexual budding, a common mechanism to develop the clones, like in the case of Hydra or sponges.