* Ursus maritimus is the scientific name for the polar bear.
* Americanus is a species name often used for the American black bear (though its scientific name is actually *Ursus americanus*).
* Bufo americus is the scientific name for the American toad.
Here's the breakdown:
* Polar bears and American black bears are both members of the Ursidae family (bears). This means they are more closely related to each other than they are to toads.
* American toads belong to the Bufonidae family, which is part of the Anura order (frogs and toads). They are amphibians, while bears are mammals.
Therefore, Ursus maritimus (polar bear) and Ursus americanus (American black bear) are more closely related than Ursus maritimus and Bufo americus.