Here are some breeds considered to be related to the Pug, either through ancestry or similar characteristics:
* French Bulldog: Both breeds are brachycephalic (flat-faced) and share a history of being companion dogs in Europe.
* English Bulldog: Though larger than Pugs, English Bulldogs share the same brachycephalic features and were likely bred from similar ancient stock.
* Brussels Griffon: These small, sturdy dogs share similar facial features with the Pug, and both breeds have historically been popular companions.
* Carlin: Though less common than the Pug, the Carlin is another brachycephalic breed with a history of being a companion dog.
Important Note: While these breeds share some common ancestry and traits, it's essential to remember that each breed has its unique characteristics and needs.