* Vertebrates are animals that have a backbone or spinal column, which is a series of bones that forms the central axis of their body. This backbone provides support and structure, allowing for movement and protection of vital organs.
* Dogs, like all mammals, are vertebrates. They have a clearly defined backbone running down their back, which is essential for their posture, movement, and overall body structure.
Other characteristics of vertebrates include:
* Internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage
* Muscles attached to the skeleton for movement
* Brain protected by a skull
* Well-developed nervous system
* Bilateral symmetry (their body can be divided into two equal halves)
So, the presence of a backbone is the key feature that makes a dog a vertebrate.