What Type of Dog Do I Have?

Humans have had dog companions for 15,000 years, and all of the domesticated dogs we see today descended from a common ancestor. Humans have selectively bred dogs, over time, into various breeds. Different breeds of dogs can mate, so mixed breed dogs are common; but you can find ways to determine what breeds constitute your dog.

  1. Breeds

    • The varying size, coat type, coloring, temperament and other traits of dogs were all prized by some groups in human history that bred dogs to meet certain specifications. In the US, the American Kennel Club (AKC) is the official body which determines dog breeds (more than 170) and their standards. Many dog breeds appear very distinctive from one another and understanding the characteristics of various dog breeds can help you identify your own.

    Characteristics

    • The AKC identifies a number of characteristics on which breed standards are based. These include: general appearance; size, proportion and substance; head; neck, top line and body; forequarters; hindquarters; coat; color and markings; gait and temperament. Each dog breed has different characteristics in each category, and these various characteristics distinguish one dog breed from another. To help you identify your dog's breed, list the characteristics your dog exhibits in each section. For example, what color is your dog; or, does your dog have any markings?

    Identification

    • When examining your dog, consider all of the categories the AKC outlines. To determine the breeds that make up your dog, check your dog's characteristics against the list on the AKC web site. Start with obvious characteristics, such as size, coloring and coat composition. Then look for more subtle differences, such as head shape, between the breeds.

    DNA Testing

    • A number of companies now offer dog DNA testing. Depending on the company, you either supply a swab of your dog's cheek or a blood sample and mail it to the laboratory. The company will then conduct a DNA analysis of your dog and provide you with detailed results. Tests can vary in price, from $60 to $125. You can find some links to DNA testing companies in the Resources of this article. Unfortunately, only around 40 dog breeds can be identified through DNA testing. You should check with any company about which breeds it will be able to identify.