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Unwashed Dog
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Your dog should be washed regularly, -- about every six to eight weeks. If the dog goes longer without a bath, it can start to develop an odor. In addition, sometimes a dog will roll in something smelly. Either problem can be solved by washing the dog with a dog shampoo. Do not use human shampoo, as it is formulated differently and may be too harsh for the dog's skin.
Skunk
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A dog will occasionally get sprayed by a skunk. This is relatively common, and it is a good idea to keep some dog skunk shampoo on hand. Try not to let the dog lie on any fabrics, such as its bedding, because the oil from a skunk spray is notoriously difficult to eliminate. Rub the dog with paper towels to help get rid of some of the skunk oil, but be sure to wear some old clothes you won't mind getting rid of. Then use the special shampoo and a pair of rubber gloves to bathe your dog.
Skin Infection
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A skin infection could be caused by bacteria, skin allergies or yeast. Sometimes infections cause hair loss and itching (or the itching could be the result of allergies). If the dog is having skin issues, consult a vet to get antibiotics and determine whether your dog has allergies.
Not a Skin Smell
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You may think your dog is having body odor problems when the odor may actually be caused by something else. It could be the dog's anal gland, which can get infected or impacted and cause a foul odor. While you can take care of an anal gland at home if you know how, you probably should consult a vet.
Your dog also may have ear infections or mites, and this can cause an unpleasant odor around the ears and head. A vet will be able to tell you which it is and give you the proper medication. If it is a breath problem, start with regular brushing. If the dog's breath does not improve, consult a vet.
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Odors in Dog Coats
An odor in a dog's coat can be the result of several different issues. The dog could simply be dirty for one reason or another -- sometimes dogs will roll in something that stinks or get sprayed by a skunk. If the dog has not been washed regularly, it may have a collection of skin oils and need a bath. A dog with a skin infection also can have an odor.