Here's a breakdown of the causes:
* Ingestion of contaminated feces: The primary way dogs get infected is by ingesting oocysts (the parasite's egg-like stage) found in contaminated feces. This can happen through direct contact with infected feces or through contaminated environments like parks, kennels, or shared water bowls.
* Poor sanitation: Insufficient sanitation in kennels, breeding facilities, or even at home can lead to the accumulation of infected feces, increasing the risk of exposure.
* Stress: Stress can weaken a dog's immune system, making them more susceptible to infections like coccidiosis.
* Compromised immune system: Dogs with compromised immune systems, due to illnesses, medication, or other factors, are at higher risk of developing coccidiosis.
* Young puppies: Puppies are particularly vulnerable to coccidiosis due to their underdeveloped immune systems.
* Overcrowding: Overcrowded conditions, especially in shelters or kennels, increase the likelihood of fecal contamination and spread of the parasite.
Important note: Coccidiosis is not contagious between dogs and humans.