1. Physical Examination:
* History: The vet will ask questions about your dog's symptoms, such as increased thirst and urination, weight loss, increased hunger, and lethargy.
* Physical Examination: The vet will examine your dog for signs of dehydration, weakness, and other physical signs related to diabetes.
2. Blood Tests:
* Blood Glucose: This is the most common test to diagnose diabetes. A blood sample is taken and tested for the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood. Elevated levels of blood glucose are indicative of diabetes.
* Fructosamine: This test measures the average blood glucose level over the past 2-3 weeks. It can be helpful in diagnosing diabetes and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment.
3. Urine Tests:
* Glucose in Urine: Dogs with diabetes often have glucose in their urine, which can be detected through a urine test.
* Ketones in Urine: Diabetes can lead to a build-up of ketones in the blood, which can be excreted in the urine. This indicates a more serious condition called diabetic ketoacidosis.
4. Other Tests (Less Common):
* C-peptide: This test measures the production of insulin by the pancreas. It can help determine the cause of diabetes.
* Insulin Sensitivity Test: This test measures how well the dog's body responds to insulin. It can be helpful in determining the severity of diabetes and the effectiveness of treatment.
Diagnosis:
A diagnosis of diabetes is usually made based on the results of blood tests and the dog's clinical signs. However, it's important to note that other conditions can cause similar symptoms, so a comprehensive evaluation is essential.
Important Note:
It's crucial to contact your veterinarian if you suspect your dog might have diabetes. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for managing the disease and ensuring your dog's well-being.