What Are the Functions of the Epiglottis in Felines?

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage located in a cat's throat, just above the larynx or voice box, where it acts as a valve or gatekeeper. A cat normally breathes through its nose, but it can also breathe through its mouth if it needs to, just like a human. This means that it cannot breathe and eat at the same time, as some animals can, and must have a mechanism or process that directs air and food to the right places. The epiglottis is part of that mechanism.

  1. Respiratory

    • The epiglottis is structurally part of the respiratory system. When the cat breathes, the epiglottis retracts, allowing air to enter the larynx and trachea, and pass to the lungs. If food gets into the respiratory system, the trachea (windpipe) may be obstructed and breathing impaired. If it gets into the lungs, aspiration pneumonia may result.

    Digestive

    • The epiglottis functions as part of the digestive system. When a cat eats, food must be directed to the esophagus and stomach. When the cat swallows, special muscles move the larynx upward to push the epiglottis against the glottis or opening into the larynx, closing it. If air gets into the digestive system, it can distend the stomach and interfere with digestion. Stomach bloating due to excess swallowed air may resolve on its own but can create a surgical emergency.

    Purring

    • It was once theorized that a cat's purr was the result of the rapid opening and closing of the epiglottis. The exact mechanism of a cat's purr is still under study, but since cats purr continuously, whether inhaling or exhaling, the epiglottis must be relaxed to allow constant airflow in and out.

    Problems

    • If the epiglottis becomes enlarged, it can obstruct the glottis and affect a cat's breathing. If it becomes large enough, it can obstruct the esophagus and make it hard for a cat to eat. Causes for enlargement of the epiglottis range from cat flu (a catchall term for several viral illnesses your cat can be vaccinated against) to a bacterial infection to a malignant or benign tumor. Epiglottitis (inflammation of the structure) can become a life-threatening emergency -- so if your cat is having trouble breathing or swallowing, see your veterinarian immediately. Always consult an experienced veterinarian regarding the health and treatment of your pet, and follow instructions carefully.