What Types of Disease Can Fleas Give to Dogs?

While many people consider fleas to be a nuisance to their dogs, the fact is that fleas are more than just annoying ̵1; they can also transmit potentially harmful diseases to your dog. While flea prevention is the best approach to managing flea disease complications, there are important signs to be aware of that may indicate fleas have done more than just bite your dog.

  1. Tapeworms

    • Fleas can infect dogs with tapeworms, not through direct transmission delivered by a string, but through a dog biting at and swallowing fleas carrying tapeworm larva. The larva mature and hatch inside the dog̵7;s digestion system and then propagate themselves. The presence of a tapeworm is characterized by what appear to be rice-like granules that come from the dog̵7;s rectum, and are often found on bedding materials. While tapeworms are not considered deadly, they can lead to malnutrition of a dog and should be treated and removed by a licensed vet.

    Microfilarial Worms

    • Microfilarial worms, often mistaken for heartworms, are transmitted from fleas to dogs and can be found in the bloodstream of infected canines. These small worms can block the flow of blood through small vessels, leading to lung disease, cirrhosis of the liver and other related conditions, including anemia. Microfilarial worms are diagnosed via blood tests. Treatment depends on the size and number of worms present and the overall health of the dog.

    Anemia

    • Anemia, or low iron, can result from blood loss attributed to a large number of flea bites. This can be a potentially life-threatening condition if not treated. The characteristic of this disease is the presence of a severe, untreated flea infestation that leads to significant blood loss. One of the first signs of blood loss is listlessness. Puppies, in particular, are most at risk for this condition because of their small bodies. The most common treatment for this ailment is elimination of the fleas and prevention of future outbreaks, paired with iron supplements and, in severe cases, blood transfusions.

    Flea Allergy Dermatitis

    • When a person gets bit by a mosquito, the resulting itch is the result of the insect̵7;s saliva breaking down tissue. The same phenomenon happens when a flea bites a dog. Some dogs, however, can be allergic to flea saliva, resulting in above-average itching and irritation. One sign of flea allergy dermatitis is excessive itching and scratching accompanied by small scabs, redness and hair loss in the affected areas. A common medical approach to the condition is treatment with anti-itch topical creams and future flea prevention.

    Infection Complications

    • A dog that continually scratches or gnaws on flea bites puts itself at risk for infection that can enter the bloodstream through broken skin and damaged tissue. Signs of infection include redness, swelling, skin discharge and skin that is warm to the touch. Some types of infection can be treated with topical antibacterial medications, while others require an oral antibiotic. For best results, consult a vet for the best course of treatment.