Genetic Diseases of Cocker Spaniels

Compared to other breeds, Cocker Spaniels have fewer health problems and, according to the Official Cocker Spaniel Guide, it is because they are considered a happy and extremely active breed. Cockers do have some medical disorders that affect their eyes, ears and joints and they are also vulnerable to certain autoimmune diseases. Recognizing specific symptoms of these disorders will help your Cocker Spaniel live a full life.

  1. Eye Problems

    • Cockers are susceptible to primary glaucoma. Unlike secondary glaucoma, which is caused by injury, primary glaucoma is an inherited trait, having to do with improper drainage in the eye. Glaucoma starts in one eye, but will usually spread to both eyes and lead to blindness. Cockers are also prone to eye infections such as retinal degeneration, cataracts and cherry eye. Cocker spaniels need annual eye exams to prevent disease, or at least a diagnosis of the condition, as soon as possible.

    Ear Infections

    • While the floppy ears of a spaniel are adorable, they also create a dark, moist environment that makes the breed vulnerable to ear infections. Signs of ear infection include a dog that is constantly scratching his ears or shaking his head. Also, infected ears will have an odor. A cocker spaniel's ears should be cleaned regularly; cotton balls and a simple vinegar and water mixture are adequate for the job.

    Immune Disorders

    • IMHA, or immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, is a genetic blood disease that affects some cocker spaniels. This disease is fast acting and often fatal. IMHA results in chronic anemia and requires that your dog be hospitalized for treatment. Signs of the disease include pale gums, loss of appetite and lethargy.

    Hip and Knee Problems

    • Cockers can suffer from dysplasia, a form of arthritis that affects the hips and knees. In hip dysplasia, discomfort is caused by friction between the ball and socket at the hip joint. Hip and knee problems may first be detected by observing limping or decreased range of motion for the dog and can be officially diagnosed through x-rays. Treatments include surgery, physical therapy and weight loss programs.