Dermatomyositis in Shelties

Shetland sheepdogs, or Shelties, look very much like small collies. These two breeds, both part of the American Kennel Club's Herding group, have more in common than just appearance. Both may develop the skin condition dermatomyositis. The condition is also known as Sheltie skin disease or Sheltie skin syndrome. In addition to their skin problems, affected Shelties may develop internal health issues that impact their muscles and even their ability to eat.

  1. Understanding the Condition

    • This skin condition was first recognized in 1984, according to Robert A. Greenwald and Herbert S. Diamond in "CRC Handbook of Animal Models for the Rheumatic Diseases." Dermatomyositis is strongly linked to genetic inheritance, although the exact mechanism is not fully understood. One possibility is that affected Shelties may have inherited a genetic marker on a specific chromosome according to "Clinical Immunology of the Dog and Cat" by Michael J. Day. Not all Shelties carry this marker. One theory is that this inherited mutation triggers an immune response when the dog is exposed to an infectious agent. In addition to collies and Shelties, dermatomyositis may also occur in dogs crossed with these two breeds. Other breeds may develop similar skin problems, but dermatomyositis is not the culprit.

    Dermatomyositis Signs

    • Signs of skin problems are the most obvious to owners; the dog may have areas of crusty, red or scaly skin. Dandruff development is also common. This usually occurs in the facial area, although bony areas such as the tail may also be affected. Skin problems usually present within dogs' first six months of life. Dermatomyositis does not just affect the skin, however. Shelties may lose muscle mass and develop esophageal problems as well. In severe cases, dogs can have trouble eating.

    Treatment Options

    • Dogs do not always need veterinary treatment if their condition is mild, as the symptoms may clear up on their own. Some drug therapies, such as the steroidal medication prednisolone, may help with management of dermatomyositis. Vitamin E supplementation may also offer benefits as an anti-inflammatory. When this condition becomes severe -- considerably affecting a dog's muscle function or ability to swallow -- euthanasia may be the most humane option.

    Managing the Condition

    • If you have a Sheltie with dermatomyositis, one of the most important factors in managing the condition is to limit the dog's time outdoors. Exposure to the sun's ultraviolet light can increase the severity of skin problems. You may also need to make dietary changes if its esophagus is affected as well. It's important to keep in mind that Sheltie skin disease is not contagious to humans or other dogs. The condition is inherited, however, so spaying or neutering affected Shelties is vital to prevent its spread to future generations.