Canine Degenerative Joint Diseases in the Front Legs

Degenerative joint disease in the front legs is the deterioration of the cartilage covering of the bone joints. Cartilage cushions and protects the bones. When the cartilage wears away, the bones at the joint make contact with each other resulting in pain and inflammation. Degenerative joint disease may also be referred to as arthritis or osteoarthritis. It may occur in the back or the front legs.

  1. Arthritis

    • According to Foster &Smith, arthritis (degenerative joint disease) may be the result of normal aging and wear and tear on the joints. Formation of bony projections near the joint can increase pain. Degenerative joint disease is progressive and will worsen over time. A prior injury may also increase the likelihood of a dog developing arthritis. Fractures or ruptured ligaments can lead to degenerative joint disease. Dysplasia is a congenital condition that makes dogs more prone to arthritis. It is an abnormality that may affect the formation, shape or size of the joint. Foster &Smith notes that arthritis caused by dysplasia is referred to as secondary degenerative joint disease. According to Southern Blue Pitbull Kennels, most people are familiar with hip dysplasia, which causes joint problems in the hind legs. When dysplasia affects the front legs is it a result of elbow dysplasia. In elbow dysplasia, there are several possible abnormalities, which include the growth of bony bumps, improper bone fit and the irregular formation of cartilage.

    Breeds

    • Large breed dogs that are very active are more prone to elbow dysplasia than smaller dogs; Rottweilers are particularly vulnerable, according to Southern Blue Pitbull Kennels. Others include Bernese mountain dogs, great Pyrenees, golden retrievers, St. Bernards, German shepherds and Labradors. In many cases the problems begin to show when the dog is about six months old.

    Symptoms

    • Symptoms of front leg degenerative joint disease varies, depending on its severity. A change in the dog's gait and lameness in the forelimb is usually evident. Although it usually affects both front legs, one leg may appear worse than the other. According to DogsHealth, the dog may move more slowly, may seem to be stiff after lying down for a period of time and may have difficulties getting up. Stairs may become an obstacle for the dog and the dog may not be able to jump into a car. There may also be swelling in the joints. The dog may also yelp in pain when the joint is touched.

    Treatment

    • Treatment methods for degenerative joint disease usually include medications and surgery. Medications include buffered aspirin, anti-inflammatory drugs such as carprofen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as rimadyl and steroids such as prednisone. Arthroscopic surgery may increase the dog's chances of a normal recovery. Other treatments include physical therapy, massage and moist heat.