Cats and dogs can develop numerous forms of cancer. The symptoms vary depending upon the location of the tumor and the type of growth. Many cancers are treatable in dogs, but the prognosis for cats with cancer is generally poor. Your veterinarian can diagnose the disease and determine a course of treatment.
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Skin Cancer
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According to the Pet Cancer Center, dogs and cats are both at risk for developing skin tumors, which are irregular growths on or under the surface of the skin. Cats have a higher risk of developing skin cancer. Many growths are harmless, but a malignant or cancerous tumor can grow rapidly and cause ulceration. A veterinarian can tell the difference between a malignant and a benign growth by seeing if the mass moves around under the skin (benign tumors move around freely, while malignant growths are rooted into place) and by performing a blood test or biopsy. Skin tumors can be removed through freezing (cryosurgery) or through regular surgical techniques. (see reference 1)
Mammary Cancer
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Female dogs and cats that are not spayed are at risk of developing mammary tumors. This type of cancer affects the glands and tissue of the breast and nipple, and it is caused by the hormones estrogen and progesterone that are released during sexual maturity. The symptoms of mammary cancer are hard lumps around the nipples. These lumps can grow quickly and may bleed or form ulcers in the affected area. A veterinarian can diagnose the cancer by performing a biopsy. Mammary cancer is treated by surgical removal of the tumor. The prognosis for dogs is good, but cats with this type of cancer usually survive for less than a year. The disease can be prevented by having the animal spayed before its first heat. (see references 2 and 3 )
Cancer of the Mouth
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Dogs and cats commonly develop tumors in and around the mouth. Dogs may occasionally develop benign tumors, but tumors in cats generally tend to be malignant. The symptoms can appear as red or ulcerated spots or as growths in the mouth. In addition, the animal may have foul breath, drool more often than usual, have a discharge from the mouth or lose weight. Oral cancer is usually treated through surgery, cryosurgery or chemotherapy. Cats have a higher mortality rate than dogs. (see reference 4)
Bone Cancer
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Bone cancer, or osteosarcoma, is more common in dogs than in cats. It most frequently affects German Shepherds, St. Bernards, Great Danes and other large dog breeds. The age of onset usually ranges from 4 1/2 to 7 years. Dogs that have bone cancer may have difficulty walking or moving around, and their bones may become brittle. Treatment options include amputating the cancerous limb. Chemotherapy and radiation may also be used. Dogs who are diagnosed and treated quickly have a fair prognosis for survival, but if the cancer has already spread to other parts of the body the animal's chances of survival are poor. (see reference 5)
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