The most common sign of a central nervous system problem is a seizure, which essentially short circuits the brain and causes loss of motor control. In most myotonic seizures, a dog loses awareness of his surroundings and himself as major muscle groups spasm.
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Myotonia
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Myotonia is a neuromuscular disorder affecting the muscles after contraction or stimulation. This condition causes rigidity in all muscle groups, caused by mutations in the chloride sodium or potassium channels affecting muscle membranes.
Affected Breeds
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A DNA-based test has been developed for Myotonia Congenita screening in miniature schnauzers. Originally believed to affect only the miniature schnauzer and chow chow, myotonia has also affected a small number of Australian cattle dogs and Maltese crosses.
Symptoms
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Myotonic dogs display prominent shoulder and thigh muscles, difficulty getting up and a stiff gait. Tongues are enlarged and stiff, making it difficult for the dog to swallow and causing increased salivation and abnormal barking.
Treatment
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There is no known cure for myotonia, though daily procainamide therapy has proven to alleviate some of the problems. Myotonic dogs, even with treatment and symptom relief, will never exercise or eat normally.
Seizures
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A myotonic seizure causes a dog to exhibit a sharp behavioral change characterized by motor activity alterations due to abnormal nerve cell function in the brain. Myotonia causes discomfort but is not life-threatening.
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