Water therapy or hydrotherapy is controlled exercise in a heated pool supervised by a trained therapist. Water supports the body to allow non-weight bearing exercise which builds up and strengthens muscles without damage to limbs or joints.
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Therapy pools
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Pools have ramps to allow access for the animals. Once in the water dogs may be free to swim on lead ropes, against water jets or running on a submerged treadmill. All species of animals may benefit, but it is used principally for dogs and horses.
Exercise
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Exercise in water is hard work with one minute of swimming requiring about the same energy expenditure as one mile of walking on dry land. Most animals start with three 30-second swims with one minute of rest between each and build up to 30 minutes of swimming with 2 or 3 short rests.
Fitness training
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Water therapy can be used for general fitness and conditioning of active pets. It improves stamina and builds up muscles with little risk of injury and can be used when weather conditions prevent outdoor exercise.
Osteoarthritis
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Building up muscle mass supports the limbs and joints allowing increased freedom of movement and decreasing the chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis. It is used particularly in dogs with elbow or hip dysplasia and may allow some to reduce their medication.
Surgery
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Swimming before and after orthopedic surgery maintains or strengthens muscles to support the affected limb and speed the return to normal activity. Spinal surgery patients who swim regularly can maintain toned muscles through exercise while they recover.
Weight management
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The supportive environment allows the obese animal to exercise without risk of injury and the large amounts of energy expended can speed weight loss.
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