Phenobarbital is the most commonly prescribed medication for epilepsy in dogs and successfully treats seizures in 80 percent of dogs, veterinarian R.M. Clemmons of the University of Florida says. Though there are potential side effects, the benefits of reducing seizures usually outweighs those effects.
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About Phenobarbital
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Phenobarbital is an anticonvulsant from the barbiturate family. It is the cheapest and most widely recommended treatment of epilepsy and is thought to work by increasing certain neurotransmitters in the brain.
Determining Dosage
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Typical dosage of phenobarbital is between 2 and 4 mg per kg, which depends on your dog's weight and severity and frequency of seizures. Many veterinarians start with a higher dosage and reduce it if necessary in order to get the seizures under control more quickly.
Initial Dosage
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Though phenobarbital takes effect immediately, it make take a few days for the plasma levels to stabilize. Thus, many veterinarians prescribe a "loading dose," which is a little higher than the normal dosage will be. This usually lasts seven to 14 days.
Adjusting Dosage
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Depending on how your dog responds to treatment, the dosage may be increased or decreased. Phenobarbital levels in the blood are first tested after two weeks of treatment and then every three to six months after that, depending on the results of the first blood test. If seizures are reduced, the dosage may be lowered.
Side Effects
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The most well-known side effect is liver damage. However, veterinarians contend that this is rare. More likely, you will see increased appetite, urination and thirst. Dogs usually gain weight, which may not be lost. Dogs also may show personality changes, become more anxious or lethargic.
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