Seizures in dogs can be controlled with the use of medications. Dogs can have seizures as a result of epilepsy, brain tumors and congenital defects. Your dog's veterinarian can determine the best treatment course for managing seizures. Although the occurrence of seizures may not cease entirely, medication can help to decrease their frequency and severity.
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Phenobarbital
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Phenobarbital is usually the first choice of veterinarians to treat seizures in dogs. According to Dr. R.M. Clemmons of the University of Florida, phenobarbital is safe to use and is immediately effective. Some dogs may experience liver dysfunction from using the drug, but decreasing the dosage often eliminates any signs of liver dysfunction. The veterinarian may perform tests to determine if the dosage should be increased, decreased or eliminated if your dog experiences any side effects. Phenobarbital is considered a long-term treatment option.
Potassium Bromide
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Potassium bromide is often used in conjunction with phenobarbital to treat seizures in dogs. The drug is rarely given as a first-line treatment to treat seizures due to the time it takes to work. The effects of potassium bromide can take up to four months to appear. Usually given at night, potassium bromide is combined once daily with a dose of phenobarbital. Due to the taste of the medicine, you may have to disguise it with food. Your dog's veterinarian will perform tests to monitor the effects of using potassium bromide on your dog.
Diazepam
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Diazepam is used to treat cluster seizures in dogs. Cluster seizures are multiple seizures during a 24-hour period. Unlike phenobarbital and potassium bromide, diazepam is not used to control seizures over a long period of time. Diazapam loses its effectiveness after a few weeks. It is commonly used as an emergency treatment when a dog has a seizure as a result of poisoning or intoxication. The drug should not be administered without first checking with your veterinarian.
Common Side Effects
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Common side effects of anti-seizure medications for dogs include lethargy, depression and anxiety. The drugs may also cause increased thirst and urination in some dogs. Most side effects go away without any treatment. If your dog continues to experience side effects after two weeks, consult with your veterinarian for treatment options. Your dog's veterinarian may recommend trying another drug or changing the dosage. Do not change the dosage without consulting with your veterinarian first.
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