Dogs are prone to many illnesses and allergies. Some illnesses are serious and will require treatment, whereas less serious illnesses may just require rest. Illnesses can be bacterial, viral, environmental or genetic. Allergies may be caused by environmental factors such as parasites; such allergies are typically easily addressed. Other types of chronic allergies, however, may require ongoing treatment. It is essential for dog owners to pay attention to their dog's behavior, appetite and general condition in order to take prompt action in the case of illness or allergy.
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Lost Appetite
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In the wild, dogs gorge on food whenever possible because they don't have regular meals given to them. Domesticated dogs retain this instinct to eat as much and as often as possible, regardless of hunger. Therefore, lack of appetite is a definite sign of illness. Many illnesses are first signaled by lack of appetite, which can be an early sign of intestinal parasites, fleas, distemper, diabetes or cancer.
Unusual Toilet Routine
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Domestic dogs have a fairly regular eating pattern, which leads them to have a fairly regular toilet routine. A dramatic reduction or increase in the amount or frequency of urination and defecation is a sign that something is wrong. When a dog is ill or suffering from an allergy, a veterinarian will take into account the other symptoms to make a diagnosis.
Diarrhea
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Diarrhea is a serious problem on its own because it can lead to dehydration, but it is also a symptom of other problems, such as poisoning, infection and allergy. On its own, diarrhea may just be a result of a minor virus or rich food, but combined with other symptoms it may point to a more serious problem.
Vomiting
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Vomiting should always be taken seriously. Dogs vomit when they have eaten something that their body can't digest, such as grapes or raisins.
Excessive Drinking
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Diabetes is often initially symptomized by excessive water in take. Dogs should always have access to fresh, clean water. If a dog is taking on a dramatically increased amount of water for no obvious reason, veterinary attention is necessary.
Scratching
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Allergies such as sarcoptic mange and illnesses such as flea bite related anemia can be identified early if a dog is scratching and showing signs of irritation.
Lethargy
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A dog that is lacking energy is normally showing a sign of serious illness. Depending on the other symptoms present, lethargy can be a symptom of serious conditions such as diabetes, parasitic infestation or cancer. In isolation, lethargy may point to a less serious condition such as a mild infection. In either case, it is important to consult a vet.
Hair Loss
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Allergies to environmental irritants or parasites often cause hair loss. Mange, fleas and allergic reactions to substances on the fur or skin can cause hair to become thinner or to fall out completely. Sometimes dogs will chew off their own hair when their skin is irritated.
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