Metronidazole, branded as Flagyl by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer, is an antibiotic prescribed to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria. The most common use for metronidazole is for treating gastrointestinal problems in dogs. In most cases, this medication works well and treatment is successful. However, some dogs may have an adverse reaction to the drug; in severe cases, a condition called metronidazole toxicity develops.
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Uses
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Veterinarians prescribe metronidazole for the treatment of different types of bowel problems in dogs. One of the most common of these problems is giardiasis, in which the small intestine is infected due to a microscopic organism (protozoa) called Giardia lamblia. Metronidazole treats inflammatory bowel disease and gastritis.
Signs and Symptoms
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Metronidazole toxicity is uncommon and often associated with long-term use of the medication. However, toxic levels of this medication affect the brain and equilibrium. Signs of metronidazole toxicity include not eating, vomiting, staggering or difficulty walking, constant involuntary eye movements, lethargy and seizures.
Diagnosis
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To determine if your dog has metronidazole toxicity, your veterinarian will perform a complete physical exam as well as note the dosage and length of time your dog has been on metronidazole. Blood tests to measure toxicity levels are rarely effective and therefore usually not done.
Treatment
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Treatment depends on the severity of the toxicity. Your dog may need to be hospitalized and receive IV fluids and medication to alleviate vomiting. Bloodwork may need to be done to evaluate liver and kidney functions. The recovery period can be as long as one to two weeks. In very serious cases, death can result.
Prevention/Solution
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Since metronidazole toxicity can occur if too much medication is given or from prolonged use, always follow your veterinarian's instructions on dosage. Have your dog checked by your veterinarian once the course of medication is finished.
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