Kidney Crystals in Dogs

The presence of crystals and/or stones in the urinary tract and kidneys of dogs is also known as urolithiasis, and is an uncomfortable and painful condition for the affected animal. These crystals in the dog's bladder will irritate the lining of the organ and often cause bleeding, making urination a dreadful task.

  1. Definition

    • Crystals appear when the animal's body is unable to process proteins and amino acids efficiently and minerals build up into small crystals and stones. In some cases, a cluster of crystals or a large stone will actually block the urethra, making urination impossible.

    Symptoms

    • The most common symptoms of urolithiasis are distressing to the animal. Frequent urination, bloody and very small amounts of urine, general depression, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, vomiting and pain are all signs that the dog has kidney crystals.

    Contributing Factors

    • Most cases of urolithiasis occur in canines over the age of two, mostly affecting small breeds. Sex of the animal is not a factor, however complete blockage is more likely to occur in males as the urethra is longer and more narrow. Dogs that urinate infrequently due to confinement or lack of water are also susceptible.

    Treatment

    • Although some stones require surgical removal, most can be dissolved over the course of four to six weeks with a special diet of reduced proteins and minerals. Some animals may need antibiotic medication in conjunction with the strict diet. Nothing besides the vet-recommend foods and medications should be given during this healing period.

    Management and Prevention

    • If the stones were removed surgically, you'll need to keep a close eye on the incision site, checking often for signs of infection or trauma. Follow all instructions carefully and provide lots of clean, fresh water that is easily accessible. Once your pet is free from obstruction, prevent further complications by sticking to a diet prescribed by your veterinarian. Depending on the stones your dog had, the vet will tailor a diet plan to avoid the accumulation of minerals in your dog's urinary tract.