Arthritis affects many dogs as they get older, large breeds being particularly susceptible. The term arthritis refers to joint inflammation, commonly diagnosed as osteoarthritis, but also more rarely as rheumatoid or septic arthritis.
Although there are no miracle cures, a range of treatments and therapies can make the life of an arthritic dog more comfortable.
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Arthritis in Joints
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Arthritis can be the result of general wear and tear in joints, an injury to a bone or ligament, or as a secondary problem associated with hip dysplasia.
Osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis in dogs, and there is no cure. As the dog ages, cartilage in the joints breaks down, and lubrication lessens. Increased friction produces inflammation and joint swelling occurs. Meanwhile as cartilage wears down, it exposes bone. As a result, calcium spurs develop as the body tries to compensate for joint damage and instability. This can cause pain when the dog moves.
Rheumatoid arthritis is comparatively rare in dogs, and here a disorder in the immune system causes the inflammation. Septic arthritis, also rare, is the result of infection in the affected joint.
Symptoms
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Pets cannot tell us when they are in pain. The first signs you might notice may be a gradual slowing down, particularly when the dog gets up or lies down. He may have difficulty climbing stairs or jumping into the car or you may see an abnormality in the way he walks on the leash.
Any treatment a veterinarian gives is designed to reduce pain from the inflammation and address the loading on the affected joints by keeping the dog's weight under control.
Weight Control
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The primary treatment is to address any weight issues. The majority of arthritic dogs veterinarians see are also overweight, primarily as a result overfeeding and a lack of exercise. An obese dog is putting undue strain upon arthritic legs, so addressing the diet is very important. Many commercial foods are available which are designed for the overweight dog, and with the advice of a veterinary nutritionist you can plan a weight reduction program.
Physical Exercise
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For a dog with arthritis, high levels of physical activity are not recommended. However, low impact exercise, which includes walking on the lead and swimming, is good. Regular gentle exercise satisfies the dog's need for mental stimulation and also stimulates the normal growth and maintenance of cartilage in the joints. Dog hydrotherapy units may prove beneficial.
Drug Treatment
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Drug treatment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) which are very effective, but you should only use by veterinarian prescription. The vet may also recommend steroids such as hydrocortisone, as they inhibit inflammation, but you may notice side effects such as increased appetite and weight gain.
Other treatments with nutritional supplements have been shown to offer benefit, including New Zealand green-lipped mussel, chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine.
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