Nasal Planum Cancer in Dogs

The nasal planum, or tip of a dog's nose, is an area where squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can develop. Cancer in the tissues of the nose pad, or in the mucous membranes of the nose, typically result from over-exposure to ultra-violet light. SCC of the nasal planum is a rare malignant tumor which does not spread to other parts of the body. Other cancers besides SCC have been reported in the nasal planum as well.

  1. Causes

    • According to petmd.com, common causes of nasal planum cancers are excessive exposure to sunlight; absence of protective pigment on the nose; and exposure to toxic inhalants such as home chemicals, including indoor use of coal, cigarettes, and air fresheners.

    Symptoms

    • Signs of nasal planum cancer can be difficulty breathing through the nose, sneezing/reversed sneezing, nasal discharge, nose bleeds, excessive eye irritations including swelling and loss of sight, and neurological problems/seizures, disorientation and behavior changes due to pressure on the brain. Visible symptoms usually occur in the mucous membrane of the nostril and the external planum.

    Diagnosis

    • Following a complete physical examination and medical history of your dog, your veterinarian may order tests such as a complete blood count, biochemical profiles, urinalysis, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan to provide a more definitive diagnosis of the tumor.

    Treatment

    • Limit your dog's exposure to the sun; sunscreens are not effective if licked off the nose. Treatment options for SCC includes lasers, cryosurgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Surgery will be required to remove the tumor, followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy. Your dog may be prescribed a medication to treat pain.

    Prognosis/Prevention

    • Because SCC rarely spreads, prognosis is good and your dog can live a happy, normal life after surgery and treatment. Your veterinarian may suggest dietary changes, focusing on more proteins and less carbohydrates and fats. Try to keep your dog quiet and comfortable during his recovery and minimize his exposure to the sun.