Like humans, dogs can be allergic to many different things in their environment. The symptoms can make dogs uncomfortable and significantly affect their quality of life, but treatments are available--from natural supplements to pharmaceuticals--to help dogs suffering from allergies live happier lives.
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Significance
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Web MD reports that as many as one in seven dogs may suffer from allergies, and the number has been rising in recent years. Some breeds of dogs may be more susceptible to allergies, including terriers, setters, retrievers, pugs, bulldogs and Boston terriers, according to the ASPCA.
Types
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Dogs may be allergic to fleas or other bugs, food, medications and other irritants such as dust mites, pollen or grasses.
Symptoms
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A dog that is uncomfortable because of an allergic reaction may lick or scratch incessantly or chew its paws. You may notice bright red skin that is hot to the touch or hair loss because of licking. The allergic reactions may come in spurts, called episodes, and dogs can also develop other infections because of the itching, such as bacterial or yeast infections. The dog may develop saliva stains near the groin, armpits or between the toes. Dogs may develop hives, in which raised patches or skin or fur are apparent, and the eyelids may swell.
Treatment
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Mild dog allergies may be treated with oral antihistamines. Hypoallergenic shampoos may help lessen symptoms, and some specialty sprays sold in pet stores and online employ colloidal oatmeal to help stop the itch. More severe allergic reactions and ongoing allergen exposure may require other treatments, including corticosteroids such as prednisone. Another treatment is hyposensitization, a therapy that begins with allergy testing to determine which allergens are causing the reactions, then injecting the allergens into the dog to sensitize it. A pill called Atopica may help some dogs with severe allergies. When fleas are the culprit, flea treatment for the dog is the first course of action. If you suspect food allergy you should change the dog's diet; prescription low- or no-allergen dog foods are available. Fatty acid supplements, such as omega-3 derived from fish, also may help ease itching over time.
Prevention
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To prevent flea allergies, keep your dog up to date on flea medication. Options include pills or a liquid applied to the skin. Flea collars are also an option, though medications are more effective. For a dog allergic to dust or mites, wash the dog's bedding once a week and keep the dog out of the room when vacuuming or sweeping. When pollen is a trigger, cut grass short and monitor pollen levels, keeping pets indoors when pollen is at its highest levels. You can control a mold allergy by using dehumidifiers and avoiding humid environments.
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