Rat terriers are an American breed of dog that remain relatively small but are very active. Topping out between 10 and 25 pounds and reaching only about 14 inches in height, these chipper dogs are popular as hunting companions and can be very intelligent given the proper training. Rat terriers are known for their bursts of energy, and this animation, as well as possible genetic deficiencies, can lead to a variety of physical problems.
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Mange
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Mange, also known as demodectic mange, is a common condition in rat terriers. Mange refers to the loss of hair on the dog, often in large patches. This condition may be genetic, but it may also be caused by mites, prompting the rat terrier to constantly pick and scratch at its fur. Demodectic mange may also be the result of immunity issues, where the dog's immune system stops working properly; this is typically the result of a genetic predisposition.
Alopecia
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Alopecia is usually associated with the blue and fawn rat terriers. Blue refers to a silvery coat while fawn is usually a gray coat with black ears. Alopecia is the thinning or complete loss of hair on the dog, either in patches or all over. It is believed to be hereditary, but is caused by a bacteria that weakens the dog's hair follicles, making the hair brittle. Brittle hair may be easily broken or rubbed off during the dog's regular activities.
Luxating Patellas
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Small dogs in particular are prone to suffer from luxating patellas. This is a condition in which the kneecaps slip, making it difficult or painful for the dog to move. This can occur in one of three ways: the dog may be genetically predisposed to the condition, there may have been developmental problems while the dog was still an embryo or the condition may be the result of excessive running and jumping, particularly in overweight dogs.
Deafness
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Deafness is not uncommon in dogs, and is usually the result of genetic predisposition. This condition is more common in dogs with large areas of white fur, such as rat terriers. Deafness can also be caused by ruptured eardrums, which may result from excessive loud sounds like fireworks or gunshots.
Hypoglycemia
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Hypoglycemia is a condition in many small dogs, particularly active ones. This is similar to certain types of diabetes in humans, whereas the dog's blood sugar is too low, causing it to convulse or have seizures. This condition is more common in small dogs, usually under 5 pounds, and is more of an issue in rat terrier puppies, which are typically born at around 2 pounds. Dogs suffering from hypoglycemia are typically given sugar supplements, either as liquids or pastes.
Malocclusion
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Malocclusion is also known as incorrect bite, and describes a condition in which parts of the jaw do not grow in proportion to other parts. There are several types: overbite, where the top part grows over the lower part; underbite, where the lower jaw grows out farther than the upper; and wry mouth, where one side of the jaw grows faster than the other, causing a twist. These conditions are brought about by genetic abnormalities and if they do not self-correct by the time the puppy is 10 months old, surgery is typically required.
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