As a pet owner, it's important to stay attuned to changes in behaviors and alerted to possible symptoms of illnesses. Dogs sneeze for many of the same reasons humans do. In some cases it can be as simple as a temporary irritation; in others it can be a symptom of illness. Close observation to the regularity of sneezing as well as other possible signs of infection or other problems can help dog owners catch more serious illness quickly and make treatment more effective.
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Temporary Irritations
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Like humans, dogs sneeze when particles enter the nasal area. It's a normal physical reaction that helps protect the respiratory system from invasion of foreign particles. This type of sneezing is usually very short-lived and is not followed by more episodes of sneezing or other signs of illness. It doesn't require any medical intervention.
Infectious Rhinitis
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Upper respiratory infections are usually one of the primary causes of sneezing caused by illness. It's the equivalent of a human cold, and is easily spread from one dog to another -- although not normally considered zoonotic (passable to humans). Still, it's important to isolate any animal showing symptoms that include nasal discharge, fever and lethargy as well as sneezing until you seek veterinary medical attention. Young and old dogs are more prone to these types of infections, as are any animals recently confined in boarding kennels, clinics, or taken to public areas with many dogs.
Allergies
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One of the non-contagious reasons for sneezing, as in humans, is often an allergic reaction to something in the area. Dogs can have reactions to many of the same items that cause allergic reactions in humans, such as pollen, dust, debris, perfumes, chemicals and even some foods. If symptoms persist or occur, consult a veterinarian to discover the source of irritation.
Sinus and Dental Problems
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Sinus infections can cause dog sneezing episodes. They're usually accompanied by nasal discharge, and possibly fevers. Because the oral cavity and sinus cavities are closely connected, infections in the gums or teeth can invade the sinuses and cause sneezing as well. Both sinus and dental problems should prompt a trip to the veterinarian.
Polyps
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In some cases, dogs can develop polyps in the nasal passages that cause irritation and result in sneezing. These polyps can be either cancerous or benign but should be removed and tested to find out if they are dangerous, and also to help alleviate sneezing.
Signs of Serious Sneezing-Related Illness
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At any time that sneezing is accompanied by other symptoms, seek immediate veterinary advice. Some of those symptoms include nosebleeds, shaking or pawing at the head, vocal pattern changes, excessive panting, wheezing, gagging, sneezing as a result of exertion or exercise, rapid breathing, shallow breathing, nasal discharge, bluish color in gums or tongue, and dry, crusty nose.
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