Be sure your new puppy gets vaccinated against parvo, a highly contagious viral infection that causes diarrhea, vomiting and often death. Parvovirus is the most serious dog disease in animal shelters and a leading killer of young dogs. Puppies can get reliable and rapid protection when vaccinated at the appropriate time.
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History
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Canine parvovirus did not appear until 1978, and veterinarians suspect that it mutated from the feline distemper virus. Initially, dogs did not have antibodies to protect against this disease and many died until a vaccine was developed. Today, vaccines containing modified-live parvovirus give dogs immunity very rapidly--in three days or less in most cases.
Vaccination
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Vaccination prevents parvo if is administered at the appropriate time. The mother dog's milk contains antibodies that give pups initial parvo protection, and it is after they diminish that the puppies are vulnerable. Since the exact time these maternal antibodies disappear varies from dog to dog, parvo vaccine is given in a series of shots at ages 8, 12 and 16 weeks.
Vaccinating Shelter Dogs
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Adult dogs can get annual boosters against parvo. Parvo is transmitted through infected feces, and contamination can be rampant inside a dog shelter. Experts recommend that shelters vaccinate every animal over the age of 4 months upon intake regardless of whether the animal is lost, homeless or abandoned.
Protection Against New Parvo Strains
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As new parvo strains emerge, scientists test the vaccine to be sure it remains effective. Recently, the genetic variant CPV-2c was identified in Italy, raising questions about whether a new parvo vaccine would have to be developed. However, clinical trials showed that current parvo vaccines provide immunity against CPV-2c.
Vaccine Side Effects
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Puppies generally have few side effects from the parvo vaccine. Muscle soreness, sleepiness and mild fever for a day or two are most common. Dogs who are allergic to the vaccine will react with facial swelling and hives. Experts warn that allergic reactions can become worse with each episode, so it is important to keep your veterinarian informed.
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