Dogs are living longer than ever before, leaving them vulnerable to many of the same aging-related conditions that humans endure, especially arthritis. Arthritis forms gradually and can begin affecting the joints of any dog at any age, although advanced cases are generally seen in dogs over seven years old. It is difficult to watch your older dog move more slowly and refrain from favorite activities like running, but there are a number of medications and supplements that can ease his discomfort and allow him a greater quality of life.
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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most effective and most commonly prescribed treatment for arthritis in dogs. Reducing the inflammation in the tissues surrounding the joints helps to reduce pain, and the drugs are safe enough for long-term use. Rimadyl (carprofen) is a popular NSAID because it is available in a chewable tablet that is easy to administer, and it provides effective pain relief for most dogs. Rimadyl can cause liver damage over time, so the vet will run periodic blood tests to monitor the dog's liver function. In cases where the arthritis has progressed to the point where Rimadyl does not help, some vets recommend regular Adequan injections. Adequan (polysulfated glycosaminoglycan) is an anti-inflammatory drug that also contains glucosamine to help lubricate the joints.
Supplements
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Several supplements can be given with NSAIDS for maximum effectiveness. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are frequently used together, often in the same pill, to reduce the breakdown of cartilage and stimulate the body to produce more. Cartilage cushions and lubricates the joints, and rebuilding it can help your dog regain natural movement and range of motion. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce pain by reducing inflammation, and are widely available in pill form, and vitamin C helps the body produce collagen that can help support the joints.
Natural Remedies
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Many herbal remedies have properties similar to many prescription arthritis medications, although they have not been scientifically proved effective. Green-Lipped Mussel contains glucosamine and a type of fatty acid that can reduce pain and increase mobility, and Boswellia can stimulate healing by increasing the blood supply to the joints. Bromelian has anti-inflammatory properties, and has been used as a pain reliever in some dogs.
Diet
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Diet is an important factor in the treatment of an arthritic dog. Keeping the dog's weight at a healthy level reduces the stress on the joints, and is the most effective pain reliever, with or without treatment. The dog is likely less active because of joint pain and stiffness, so a low-calorie diet is important. Some dog foods formulated specifically for arthritic dogs also contain essential fatty acids, glucosamine and various herbs that can help relieve pain and lubricate the joints.
Narcotics
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In extremely severe cases, when NSAIDs are having no effect, the dog is immobile and suffering, and the owner refuses to consider euthanasia, some vets will administer a narcotic pain reliever. This is always an absolute last resort, and is usually used to make the dog more comfortable while his owner comes to terms with his condition. Never give your dog narcotics from your own prescription, as it can cause serious illness or death.
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