At certain times, and for no apparent reason, the immune system of dogs may attack the body and cause serious consequences. Such occurrences are commonly called autoimmune diseases. A variety of medications helps control the inflammation caused by such attacks by suppressing the immune system. Veterinarians may prescribe dexamethasone to treat autoimmune diseases and other conditions in dogs. While generally safe when prescribed under the guidance of a veterinarian, dexamethasone may cause a number of side effects in dogs.
-
Polyuria and Polydipsia
-
Glucocorticoid drugs may cause excessive thirst in dogs. Polyuria, the term used to describe an increase in urination, along with polydipsia, an increase in drinking, are two common side effects derived from the use of dexamethasone in dogs. Glucocorticoid drugs such as dexamethasone tend to stimulate the activity of the kidney's filtration units, ultimately causing more urination. This fluid loss stimulates thirst, causing the dog to compensate by drinking more, according to Drs. Foster and Smith.
Immune Suppression
-
Since high doses of dexamethasone suppress the immune system, dogs may become susceptible to viral, bacterial or fungal diseases. The incidence of such diseases is most commonly observed during the administration of dexamethasone and for a period thereafter. For this reason, antibiotics and other medications may often be prescribed concurrently to glucocorticoid drugs, in order to prevent opportunistic organisms from taking advantage of the dog's lowered immune system.
Cushing's Disease
-
Dogs put on high doses or on long term glucocorticoid therapy may be prone to developing symptoms similar to Cushing's disease. Symptoms suggesting such a condition are increased thirst, urination or appetite, panting, thin skin, poor quality coat and, at times, a "pot bellied" appearance. This form of Cushing's disease, known as iatrogenic Cushing's disease, tends to subside once the steroids are discontinued.
Other Side Effects
-
The use of dexamethasone may lead to several other side effects. Some dogs may appear more lethargic and generally more tired. Muscular weakness may arise and lead to a sagging abdomen or difficulty walking. Stomach ulcers may be a possibility. The dog's liver function may change. When given to pregnant dogs, dexamethasone may cause an abortion. The most serious and life-threatening side effect, however, remains the shutdown of the dog's adrenal glands. As frightening as all side effects may be, most are easy to recognize and can be quickly reversed if a veterinarian is consulted promptly
-