Hookworm is a type of infection that occurs after a person has been exposed to roundworms. The condition will affect the lungs and small intestine as the roundworms infest in these areas. Hookworm most often occurs in developing countries and is rare within the United States.
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Symptoms
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As part of testing for hookworm, a physician will take the patient's medical history as well as review his symptoms. Symptoms of hookworm infection include nausea, vomiting, coughing bloody mucus, diarrhea, fatigue, gas, abdominal pain and fever. However, in some cases the patient may experience only a few symptoms or no symptoms at all.
Testing
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A stool examination may be ordered as a way for the lab to look for roundworm eggs passed through the stool. A stool exam will be inconclusive if done during early infection before the roundworms lay their eggs. Blood tests can also be helpful in diagnosing hookworm infection. Patients with hookworm infection suffer from anemia and nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, a low CBC can indicate hookworm infection.
Absorption Test
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A D-xylose absorption test can help check for nutritional deficiencies, which can be helpful in diagnosing hookworm infection. As part of this exam, you will be required to drink eight ounces of a solution that contains the sugar D-xylose. After two hours, you will be required to provide a blood sample. Your urine will likely be collected, as well, eight hours later. The blood and the urine will be tested for D-xylose to see if you are properly absorbing the substance.
Treatment
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Once testing is complete and your doctor has diagnosed a hookworm infection, you'll be given a prescription for medications that kill parasites. Potential medications include mebendazole, albendazole and pyrantel pamoate. You'll likely have to be retested for hookworm once you have finished the medications.
Considerations
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Your doctor may question whether you have recently been out of the country since hookworm infection is most widespread in tropical countries and developing countries that have poor waste control. Additionally, the symptoms of hookworm infection are similar to those of other medical conditions, so a doctor may order other tests to rule out these disorders.
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