Kidney stones are very common in the Shih Tzu breed of dog, which are hereditary due to kidney abnormalities. Stones occur more in males than females. The urethra of the male anatomy is smaller than the females', making stones more obstructive.
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History
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The K9Web Dog FAQs state that kidney stones in the Shih Tzu are a genetic condition. This breed of dog is prone to a renal disorder where the kidneys develop abnormally, making them more susceptible to kidney infections and kidney stones. These stones in dogs are similar to those of humans, which are composed in the system of accumulated calcium, phosphorus, ammonia, carbonates and magnesium. Stones form when these substances do not pass through the kidneys quickly enough. They accumulate, forming little crystals that eventually form stones.
Causes
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PetPlace.com states that, aside from the genetic defects affecting the Shih Tzu, other causes for kidney stones may be a urinary tract infection, kidney infection, dehydration, some medications, poor diet and urine retention.
Symptoms
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The Vetinfo website notes that the main symptom for kidney stones is blood in the urine, which is a result of the stones scratching the dog's bladder. The condition is very painful. Shih Tzu owners may note their dog attempting to urinate often with no result. The dog may also exhibit signs of lethargy, diarrhea, vomiting and loss of appetite.
Diagnosis
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Some tests that veterinarians perform for suspected kidney stones in a Shih Tzu are urinalysis, bacterial urine culture, blood count, ultrasound and x-rays.
Treatment
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Depending on the severity of the dog's kidney stones, the veterinarian may prescribe a special diet for the dog to break down and dissolve the stones so that they pass in the urine. If the condition is serious, the veterinarian may need to surgically remove the bladder and the kidney stones. He will follow this with antibiotic therapy to prevent infection, along with fluid therapy to rehydrate the Shih Tzu.
Prevention/Solution
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As long as the dog is well hydrated and able to urinate as often as necessary on a daily basis, a lesser chance exists for kidney stones. Since Shih Tzus are more prone to acquiring kidney stones, owners should avoid feeding a diet high in proteins and minerals, such as magnesium and calcium. The diet should consist of lean high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, whole grains, fruits, nuts and eggs. Owners should consult a veterinarian's advice on the proper nutritional needs of the Shih Tzu to avoid kidney stones and the pain associated with this condition.
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