Neutering, or castration, is the surgical removal of the male dog's testicles. Veterinarians perform this procedure on a routine basis primarily for pet population control. Behavior modification, disease prevention and disease treatment are other reasons for neutering a male dog. As with any surgery, especially those performed under general anesthesia, the procedure involves some risks. However, most of these are minor and require no treatment. Reported death rates are less than 0.1 percent.
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Time Frame
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The traditional time to neuter a dog used to be six to nine months. No clear scientific evidence exists for this recommendation. Arnold L. Goldman, D.V.M., suggests this practice arose "as a response to anesthetic mortality in very young animals in the first half of the 20th century." He explains that because anesthetic procedures have evolved significantly, the current recommendation is now 7 to 12 weeks. In addition, younger patients recover faster and have fewer complications.
Exam and Screening
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Most veterinarians examine and pre-screen their patients before surgery to make sure they are healthy enough to undergo general anesthesia. In addition, lab work will inform the surgeon of any abnormalities that may affect the success of the procedure. Screening usually includes a complete blood count, biochemical profile and urinalysis. If technicians find any significant abnormalities, the veterinarian may either postpone or cancel the surgery, depending upon the severity of the health issues.
Before Surgery
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Just before surgery, administration of a pre-op injection lightly sedates the dog. After administration of the IV anesthetic comes placement of an endotracheal tube. This allows for immediate lung inflation should an emergency arise. Next comes connection of the patient to both the anesthetic machine and a heart/respiratory monitor, followed by the clipping and cleaning of the area around the dog's testicles to make sure it is sterile. After transfer to the surgery suite, the veterinarian connects the dog to the monitoring equipment.
During Surgery
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Technicians continually monitor the dog for vital signs, which includes pulse, respiration and heart rhythm. They also continuously monitor oxygen levels in the blood stream. The surgeon then makes an incision above the scrotum, and pushes each testicle out through the incision. He strips the tissue to expose the vasculature (blood to and from the testicles), which he clamps, ligates and replaces into the body. The surgeon closes the subcutaneous layer, and then closes the skin with sutures.
After Surgery
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According to the American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS), "Aftercare for the patient will consist of controlled leash walks for two weeks. Cold compresses and oral analgesics, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be recommended, depending upon the clinical picture." In 10 to 14 days, the veterinarian will do a post-op exam and remove the sutures. If the wound is irritated and your dog is constantly licking the suture site, the veterinarian may prescribe an Elizabethan collar, which prevents your dog from licking his body.
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