Demodectic mange is caused by an overabundance of the demodex mite, which is normally found on the skin of both dogs and humans. Most dogs tolerate the mites without a problem, but if the dog's immune system is compromised in any way, the mites will flourish and cause itching, hair loss and scabbing. Demodex mites are transmitted from a mother dog to her puppies through direct contact, and the infection can be localized or generalized. A predisposition to generalized mange is thought to be hereditary, and these dogs should not be used for breeding. There are many treatment options for both forms of demodectic mange.
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Goodwinol Ointment
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Goodwinol ointment is a 1 percent rotenone preparation that is commonly prescribed for topical use on localized demodectic mange. It has insecticidal properties, and daily use can control the proliferation of mites while the infection gradually dies of its own accord. Goodwinol is applied once or twice per day directly to the affected area. The dog should be prevented from licking or rubbing the medication off, as prolonged contact is necessary for treatment.
Benzoyl Peroxide
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There are many shampoos and gels that contain benzoyl peroxide, which can control secondary skin infections caused by localized demodectic mange. Benzoyl peroxide's antibacterial properties clear the infected area of bacteria, reducing infection and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of mites.
Ivermectin
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Ivermectin is currently the most effective treatment for generalized demodectic mange. An anti-parasitic injectable liquid, Ivermectin requires daily or every-other-day dosing to be effective against the demodex mite. Because it works systemically, there is a very small chance that the dog could have a fatal allergic reaction to Ivermectin. Reactions have been typically observed in collies, shelties, Australian shepherds, English sheepdogs and other herding breeds.
Mitaban Dips
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Mitaban contains Amitraz, an organophosphate pesticide that is effective against demodex mites and is the treatment of choice for dogs with generalized demodicosis who may be sensitive to Ivermectin. The pet must be shaved to allow the dip complete contact with the skin, and the dip must air-dry on the dog. Most cases require up to 14 dips, two weeks apart, and some dogs can develop nausea or lethargy if they are particularly sensitive to the drug.
Interceptor
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Interceptor is a monthly heartworm preventative that contains milbemycin oxime. Veterinarians have found that a daily dose over several months can effectively treat generalized demodex mange, although the treatment can be very expensive. Interceptor has been proven safe for all dogs, and may be the only option for a dog with generalized demodicosis who is sensitive to both Ivermectin and Mitaban.
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