Backward sneezing, also called reverse sneezing, isn't actually sneezing, but a spasm that occurs when the throat becomes irritated. While this condition is not life threatening, the causes differ from dog to dog. However, no matter the cause, the signs and treatment remain the same.
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Signs
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During an episode, dog owners sometimes think their dog is choking or having a seizure because the dog's neck extends and he'll gasp as he tries to take in air. He'll make a loud snorting sound, and may sound like he's inhaling sneezes. These episodes usually only last for a minute or two, and then the dog will appear to be normal again.
Causes
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Allergies or other irritants often cause backward sneezing. Dust, pollen, household cleaners, perfumes, and postnasal drip are the most common culprits. Other causes include eating too fast, running, excitement and drinking too fast.
Affected Breeds
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Backward sneezing can affect any size or breed of dog. However, smaller dogs and short-faced dogs, such as bulldogs and boxers, are more likely to have episodes than larger dogs.
Treatment
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If the problem is due to allergies, than your dog's veterinarian can prescribe antihistamines. Other drugs may be needed depending on the root cause of the backward sneezing. To stop an attack, press down on the dog's tongue to help open up the airway. Also, massage his throat to aid him in swallowing, as this will help stop whatever is causing the irritation.
Veterinary Visit
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If the episodes become more frequent or more severe, a trip to the veterinarian is needed. He will examine the dog's throat and nasal passages to determine the cause of the backward sneezing. A visit may also be necessary if the dog is exhibiting more serious problems, such as nasal discharge, nose bleeds, lethargy or difficulty breathing.
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