Dogs can develop liver cancer as well as humans. Liver cancer may result from a tumor that originates in the liver (primary), a tumor that begins in the blood cells or the lymph nodes (hemolymphatic) or it may metastasize to the liver from other organs.
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Identification
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Primary liver cancer is rare and occurs in less than 2 percent of all dogs with cancer. If the tumor does originate in the liver, they are usually hepatocellular carcinomas which are malignant (cancerous). Benign (non-cancerous) tumors known as hepatomas form from cells within the liver and have no long term effects on the dog. The most common type of canine liver cancer is metastatic cancer.
Symptoms
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The symptoms most commonly associated with canine liver cancer are pale gums, weakness, abdominal distension, vomiting, decreased appetite, jaundice, weight loss, increased respiratory rate and difficulty breathing.
Causes
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The cause of the most common form of liver cancer in dogs (metastatic) is a tumor that has spread from other organs in the body, such as the spleen or stomach. Primary liver cancer may be caused by environmental factors such as cancer- causing chemicals (pesticides) and exposure to carcinogens. Toxins produced by food additives, spoiled pet food, plants and dyes might also cause liver cancer in dogs.
Diagnosis
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In order to determine if your dog has liver cancer, your veterinarian will perform a physical examination. During this examination, the veterinarian will palpate (feel) the dog's abdomen for any tumors or masses, as well as perform diagnostic tests. These may include abdominal X-rays, abdominal ultrasound, blood tests, urinalysis, chest X-rays, a biochemical profile, a coagulation (clotting) test and a liver biopsy if necessary.
Treatment
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The treatment for canine liver cancer is usually surgery to remove the tumor if possible. It may be necessary to stabilize the dog's condition with IV fluids, pain medication and blood transfusions. Chemotherapy may be performed, but depends on the type of tumor present in the liver.
Considerations
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The prognosis for malignant liver tumors in dogs is generally poor. This is because this type of cancer is very aggressive and has most often spread to other areas of the dog's body by the time the diagnosis is made.
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