Dogs face various possible health changes as their metabolism slows with age. The risks of heart, kidney and liver disease increase. They can develop conditions such as diabetes, cancer and hypothyroidism, and their hearing, vision and sense of smell can fail. Incontinence, obesity and dental issues can pose problems. Fortunately, many serious diseases can be managed with prompt and proper care.
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Arthritis
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As dogs grow older they frequently develop arthritis in their bones, making walking difficult and movement painful. Shorter, more frequent walks can help your dog by keeping his joints from stiffening up. Keeping off extra pounds is important as he ages. Supplements such as glucosamine, chondroitin, methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) and low-dose aspirin can improve mobility. Swimming or aquatic therapy is ideal for aging dogs because the underwater movement lets them exercise without pressure on joints. There are also medications designed to help dogs who suffer from arthritis. Your vet can prescribe the correct dosage and medication for your dog.
Glaucoma
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Since vision in senior dogs deteriorates, vision changes are common. The leading cause of canine blindness, glaucoma occurs when fluid pressure increases within the eye. Appearing without warning, glaucoma requires immediate treatment with only a short time before vision is irreversibly lost. Glaucoma can be inherited or stem from conditions such as cataracts, a detached retina or dislocated lens. It often affects one eye but spreads rapidly to the other. Symptoms in dogs include little interest in playing or eating. Watery or bloodshot eyes can look like conjunctivitis, with bulging eyes in advanced stages. See a veterinary ophthalmologist promptly if your dog exhibits any eye problems.
Diabetes
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Diabetes occurs when the endocrine glands don̵7;t function properly and the body is unable to process sugar. Diabetes mellitus Type II is the type affecting geriatric dogs, with bigger dogs at greater risk. Symptoms of diabetes include lethargy, an increase in water consumption, excessive urination, and weight loss or gain for no apparent reason. Many dogs respond well to treatment for diabetes. Treatment can range from medications to diet changes or a combined approach. Diets low in fat and sugar and rich in fiber can make a significant difference in diabetic dogs. Those with advanced cases often need injections of insulin that are given by the vet. Pet owners can also be taught to give injections and monitor insulin production at home.
Heart Disease
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Common in elderly dogs, heart disease usually announces itself with a cough or, upon a visit to the vet, a heart murmur. Dogs might exhibit decreased energy or appetite, pale gums, or an increase in sleeping or panting. When the heart is unable to pump blood properly, blood slows as it moves through the lungs. The most common kind of heart trouble, congestive heart failure, occurs when the body can̵7;t produce with enough oxygen, and the heart̵7;s chambers and valves stop functioning as they should. CHF can develop over time or can be a birth defect. Early diagnosis and proper treatment is essential. Tests for heart disease can include chest X-rays, blood or urine tests, ultrasound, and echocardiogram or electrocardiogram. Some heart problems can be addressed and managed with medications or surgery. Exercise, diet, and sometimes vitamins can also be beneficial.
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