There are three types of demodectic mites: demodex canis, demodex gatoi and demodex injai, according to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center in Los Angeles. Of these mites, the most common affecting dogs is demodex canis. Demodectic mites occur naturally in dogs and do not always cause a problem, but occasionally the mites produce a condition in dogs known as demodectic mange, which causes itching and raw skin. Although veterinarians do not consider demodectic mites contagious, the spread of the mites between dogs is possible.
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Time Frame
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Newborn puppies do not have demodectic mites living in their skin. They pick them up during the nursing process within the first few days of life, according to Beagles Unlimited. Demodectic mange usually affects puppies between 3 and 12 months old, says dog breeder and trainer Norma Bennett Woolf.
Identification
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Demodectic mange is identifiable by a number of signs. Patchy hair loss is the main symptom, according to Beagles Unlimited, though dry, flaky and scaly skin also suggests demodectic mange. A dog suffering from the condition will likely scratch itself continuously as mange is extremely itchy.
Prevention/Solution
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Dogs live with demodectic mites on a daily basis, and the two usually live in harmony, according to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center. If the dog develops an illness that suppresses its immune system, the demodectic mites may proliferate and cause demodectic mange. Keeping up with the dog's vaccinations and monthly flea, tick and heartworm preventative medication helps keep the mites in check. A healthy dog is less likely to develop demodectic mange than an unhealthy one.
Treatment
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Medication is the most common form of treatment for demodectic mange, according to the Mar Vista Animal Medical Center. Anti-parasitics are taken orally, at least every other day until the mange has cleared up. Amitraz dips also help, although they are messier and less pleasant than oral medication. Long-haired dogs may require clipping prior to a dip. The dip is applied to the dog's fur and allowed to dry for optimal results.
Warning
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Oral anti-parasitic medication is not safe for use on certain breeds of dog, according to Mar Vista Animal Medical Center. The list of breeds includes collies, Shetland sheepdogs, Australian shepherds and old English sheepdogs. This medication should not be given to a dog without a vet's approval. Amitraz dip is safer for these dog breeds, but can stain clothing, jewelry and carpet. Mar Vista recommends wearing gloves when dipping the dog.
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