Parvo disease in dogs is caused by the parvovirus, that belongs to the genus Parvoviridae. There are two major strains, canine parvovirus 1 (CPV-1) and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2). The most common form of the disease is an acute inflammation of the small intestine. A less common form affects the heart muscle, resulting in congestive heart failure. While the disease is passed from dog to dog, the healthy dog never even has to be in contact with the infected dog.
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Direct Contact
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Parvo is a deadly viral disease caused by contact with the feces of infected dogs. Parvo is passed to another dog through the nasal or oral tissues.
Contaminated Environment
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The virus is extremely hardy and can last in the environment for up to 9 months. Even dogs that never leave their yard can be exposed to it, as it can be carried on shoes, or even car tires.
Recovered Dogs
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Even if your dog has recovering from an infection, he can still be contagious to other dogs. Keep him away from other dogs for at least 30 days. Remove all feces from your yard. Clean all objects and areas your dog has contact with, including floors, bedding, crates, food and water bowls in a bleach solution (4 oz. bleach to 1 gallon water).
Prevention
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The only prevention of the parvovirus is through vaccination. Even dogs that have had the disease can get it again.
Puppies
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Puppies aged 14 to 20 weeks are the most susceptible. In adult dogs the disease is less deadly and can be so mild as to go unnoticed. Unfortunately, they can still spread the disease. Puppies should not be allowed to socialize with other dogs until 2 weeks after their last vaccination.
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