Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that occurs when a dog's body has a deficiency in the production of the hormone insulin. This deficiency results in an inability to metabolize sugar. Diabetes stems from a problem with the pancreas, which is an insulin-producing organ in the endocrine system. Canine diabetes is the most common endocrine system condition found in dogs.
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Types
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There are two types of canine diabetes mellitus. Type I is the condition in which a dog's pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Dogs with this type of diabetes require insulin injections. Type II diabetes is the condition in which a dog's pancreas does produce enough insulin, but the body is unable to utilize it. Type II is very uncommon; 99 percent of diabetic dogs have Type I.
Identification
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Early signs of diabetes include increased thirst and frequent urination; this might even result in accidents or a lapse in housebreaking progress. Another sign is increased appetite that is coupled with unexpected weight loss. Later signs include breath that smells of ketones (best described as fingernail polish remover), vomiting, cataracts and blindness. Canine diabetes usually affects older dogs; the most common age is 7 to 9 years. Female dogs are twice as likely to develop this condition than male dogs.
Features
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The ultimate goal of canine diabetes is to keep the blood glucose level steady and eliminate spikes. It is these spikes that will ultimately cause damage to your dog's organs and systems. This requires a dedication on your part, to adhere to a strict feeding, exercise and possible medication routine. If diabetes is properly managed, your dog can live another 3 to 5 years after being diagnosed with the disease.
Considerations
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Most dogs with diabetes are overweight and do not get enough exercise. The treatment plan your veterinarian recommends will likely address both of these issues. A diet that consists of high fiber and complex carbohydrates will help reduce your dog's weight and slow the rate at which food is digested and glucose is released. Feeding your dog smaller meals multiple times a day will help to control blood glucose spikes. Exercising your dog will also help with weight reduction, which will naturally lower blood glucose levels.
Warning
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Uncontrolled diabetes can result in ketoacidosis. This condition occurs when your dog's body cannot process sugar for energy, and it begins to use fat instead. If this happens, your dog's body will produce a toxic byproduct called ketones. This condition can require hospitalization and, if not diagnosed in time, unnecessary premature death. If your dog exhibits symptoms of diabetes, consult your veterinarian immediately.
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