Mast cell tumors account for about 20 percent of all skin tumors in dogs, according to the Washington State University College of Veterinary Medicine. If not treated or removed, these tumors are capable of metastasizing, or spreading, to other areas of the body. Early detection of mast cell tumors can be aided by noting changes in the dog's appearance, behavior and health.
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Appearance
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Mast cell tumors are generally first detected as a lump or mass underneath the skin. They can be so variable in appearance that they are not easily describable and can occur anywhere on the body. Mast cell tumors are capable of changing size quickly. They can be quite large one day and smaller the next.
Behavioral Symptoms
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Some dogs can have physiological symptoms of mast cell tumors in addition to the appearance of tumors. These systemic signs vary greatly depending on the location of the tumor and extent to which it has spread. Behavioral symptoms that might be present include loss of appetite, lethargy and irritability.
Gastrointestinal Symptoms
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Symptoms involving the gastrointestinal system can include vomiting with or without blood present, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dark or black stool.
Vascular and Respiratory Symptoms
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Coughing, labored breathing, irregular heart rhythm and blood pressure, bleeding disorders, delayed wound healing, and enlarged lymph nodes are all vascular and respiratory symptoms that might manifest with the presence of a mast cell tumor.
Diagnosis
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If a dog is suspected to have a mast cell tumor, a veterinarian should perform an analysis of the tumor. The veterinarian will use a fine needle to aspirate some of the fluid from within the tumor, and will examine the cells under a microscope. If a mast cell tumor is confirmed, surgical removal is the best treatment option.
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