The most common type of allergy in dogs is canine inhalant allergies. This is a reaction to substances in the environment that produce an immune system reaction when the dog breathes them in. This immune system reaction causes intense itching. Some breeds of dogs are more susceptible to allergies. There are several treatment options for canine inhalant allergies.
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Features
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Canine inhalant allergies are produced by the same substances in the environment that can lead to allergies in humans. Common allergens are tree pollens such a oak, ash and cedar. Grass pollens, particularly Bermuda grass, can cause allergic reactions. Ragweed, mold, mildew and dust mites are allergens. Some of these allergens can causes symptoms year-round, while seasonal allergies such as ragweed may last for several weeks.
Process
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When these allergens enter the body through the nose, eyes or mouth, they cause an immune system reaction. The immune system of the dog views these substances as foreign invaders. Mast cells in the skin and white blood cells release antibodies to these substances that contain histamine. These antibodies are responsible for the symptoms of canine inhalant allergies.
Causes
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Canine inhalant allergies can be hereditary. Certain breeds such as boxers, retrievers, poodles and terriers may be predisposed to allergies. Also, dogs with a compromised immune system may be more susceptible to canine inhalant allergies.
Symptoms
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Symptoms depend on the severity of the canine inhalant allergy and the number of allergens. If the number of allergens that the dog is allergic to are small or it is a seasonal allergy, the symptoms may include occasional itching and inflammation. If the dog is allergic to a large number of allergens, the result may be constant, widespread itching. Scratching, biting, licking and chewing are all signs of canine inhalant allergies. Hot spots may develop on areas with severe itching such as feet, groin and flanks. The dog may rub its face on the carpet to try and sooth inflamed, itchy skin.
Treatment
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Anti-inflammatory therapy in the form of corticosteroids and antihistamines may block the allergic reaction and reduce inflammation and itching. Medicated baths that contain aloe vera, oatmeal and eucalyptus help treat the symptoms of canine inhalant allergies. Fatty acid supplementation is effective in keeping the skin and coat healthy and supple. Hyposensitization is a therapy used once the suspected allergen is determined. This involves weekly injections of a small dose of the allergen. Over time, the dog̵7;s immune system will become less reactive to this allergen. This helps minimize the overall reaction to the allergen and therefore the symptoms.
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