Hip dysplasia is a genetic disease that causes degeneration of the hip joints. It can affect dogs of any age but most often occurs in dogs between 5 months old and 13 month old or senior dogs. However, that does not mean that hip dysplasia cannot affect dogs who are middle-aged. Hip dysplasia can be painful for dogs, so early detection is key in preventing and resolving the issue.
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Walking
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The early symptoms of hip dysplasia are the same for both older dogs and younger dogs. One of the most common signs is that the gait of the dog may appear to be affected. The dog may show lameness of one or both of the rear legs. Some dogs may even resort to a hop, similar to a bunny, in which both legs are moved simultaneously. Meanwhile, other dogs may waddle. (References 1, 2)
Reluctance
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Many dogs show reluctance for a variety of activities. For example, a young puppy who used to love a game of fetch may become unwilling to participate. Dogs may also avoid exercise, walking, use of the stairs or any other movement unless it is absolutely necessary. Of course, it should be noted that dogs who are in the early stages will still do these activities, however they will have obvious signs of reluctancy. (References 1, 2)
Stiffness
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Another common sign of hip dysplasia is a stiffness of the back legs. Unfortunately, most owners will not necessarily notice a stiffness or dismiss it. It may also be very difficult for the dog to stretch the hind legs. Some dogs may even whimper, whine or howl from the pain. (References 1, 2)
Treatment for Puppies
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There are two available surgeries for puppies who are relatively young. One surgery, called Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis is a less invasive surgery in which two of the pelvic bones are fused together, changing the angle of the hips. This allows the other bones to fully develop in a correct manner, minimizing the effects of hip dysplasia later in life. (Reference 1)
The other surgery, called Triple Pelvic Osteotomy and can be used in dogs who are less than 10 months old. This procedure is both relatively expensive and invasive but has an extremely high rate of success. TPO surgery involves surgically breaking the pelvic bones in order to realign them to restore an ideal of surface area that can bear the dog's weight. (Reference 1)
Treatment for Older Dogs
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Older dogs also have two popular treatments available to them. One expensive treatment involves a total hip replacement. By replacing the entire hip joint, the continuing effects of hip dysplasia are completely eliminated. This is an expensive procedure but for most owners is worth the cost to extend their dog's life, as well as reducing the effects of arthritis. Thanks to advancements of modern veterinary medicine, this treatment can be used on dogs of any size. (Reference 1)
Owners may also opt to give their dog supplements to reduce or even replace cartilage. Additional options include similar treatments of painkillers and supplements that would be used for arthritis. (References 1, 2)
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