Laryngeal paralysis, a problem with the nerves and muscles that control the larynx (voice box) in dogs can lead to difficulty vocalizing, eating or breathing. It is not an uncommon condition, but it is easy to overlook. It can be hereditary, can develop as part of a disease process or can result from a gradual degenerative process with old age. Laryngeal paralysis can be treated if recognized.
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Role of the Larynx
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The larynx, or voice box, is an organ at the back of the throat comprised of two folds of cartilage and their controlling muscles and nerves. The folds vibrate together to allow barking and growling, but are held open for breathing and eating (note that it is impossible to bark and eat at the same time). If the nerves that control the muscles of the larynx begin to fail, the folds may not open properly, obstructing the airway and the esophagus. This is called laryngeal paralysis. It can detrimentally affect quality of life and may lead to a potentially life-threatening emergency.
Signs of Laryngeal Paralysis
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Symptoms include loss of or change in voice, such as hoarseness; coughing or gagging, especially after eating; and difficulty exercising. The problems are typically worse during muggy weather, during exercise and if the dog is obese.
Diagnosis
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Your veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination, complete blood count and urinalysis to look for any underlying disease such as hypothyroidism or cancer. If your veterinarian suspects laryngeal paralysis, she will sedate your dog and check the larynx either by looking at it with a lighted scope or by visualizing it with an ultrasound probe to see if it opens completely when your dog inhales.
Treatment
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A specialist can treat laryngeal paralysis through a surgery called laryngoplasty. With your dog under general anesthesia, the surgeon will suture back usually one, but sometimes both folds of the larynx, allowing the larynx to remain open. This will keep the airway and the esophagus open so that the dog may breathe and eat better, the cough may be reduced and the dog may resume a normal activity level.
Risk Factors
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Any breed at any age can develop laryngeal paralysis, but it is most common among older, large breed dogs such as Labrador and golden retrievers, Saint Bernards, bulldogs and bull terriers. Breeds in which the condition may be heredity can exhibit signs of the disorder early in life. These breeds include Bouviers des Flandres, Siberian huskies and dalmatians.
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