Dogs with allergies exhibit many of the same symptoms that people with allergies do, including itchy skin, sneezing, and red eyes. Yet because they don't know that scratching can cause infections and complications, they may continue to scratch. This can lead to open wounds, fur loss, and damaged skin. Sometimes, identifying the allergen can be difficult, and antihistamines may notwork. Since pet owners naturally want immediate relief for their dogs' suffering, many veterinarians prescribe steroids to alleviate the misery of allergies. Dog owners should realize that the type of steroids prescribed for dog allergies are not the anabolic steroids which add muscle mass and can be harmful. Rather, these corticosteroids work very effectively at relieving severe itching in dogs, and are safe to use under the care of a vet.
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Topical Steroids
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Vets often use topical steroids as a first line of defense when treating dogs with corticosteroids. This are the safest form of steroid treatment. Topical steroids can spot treat specific areas of a dog's body, such as the eyes and ears. Topical steroids come in ointment and spray form. They also come in the form of shampoos and leave-on rinses. Since topical corticosteroids are directly applied to affected areas, they help soothe a dog's itching quickly.
Oral Steroids
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If your dog has tried topical solutions but still experiences itching and allergic symptoms, your vet may prescribe oral steroids. Oral steroids are available in pill form and work particularly well when treating seasonal allergies. Common types of oral steroids are cortisone and prednisone. Common side effects of oral steroids include diarrhea, frequent urination, hyperactivity, and panting. Oral steroids may be discontinued if side effects persist.
Injectable Steroids
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When other steroids have failed, vets often resort to using injectable steroids. These include betamethasone, dexamethasone, flumethasone, and methylprednisolone. Injectable steroids are administered intramuscularly by veterinarians. Treatment can last anywhere from a couple of weeks to six months. These types of steroids are the strongest form and have side effects. Unlike oral steroids, once an injection is given, side effects can not be stopped by simply discontinuing use. Long term side effects of injectable steroids include unhealthy fur coat, liver damage, and diabetes.
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