Skin problems are common in dogs of all ages and breeds. There are many possible causes of skin problems in dogs, such as autoimmune diseases. These diseases can cause severe itching and the development of hot spots on the dog's skin. If you suspect your dog has an autoimmune skin disorder, consult your veterinarian for proper diagnosis and treatment.
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Identification
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Skin disorders are placed into two categories, autoimmune and immune-mediated. Autoimmune skin disorders are caused by allergies and immune-mediated disorders are caused by a weak immune system.
Autoimmune Skin Disorders
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Pemphigus Foliaceus is a skin disease occurs as a result of the dog's autoimmune system attacking desmoglein (a component in a dog's skin), treating it as a foreign substance. When the dog's antibodies attack this component, it causes the body to produce less of it. With the reduction of desmoglein, the outer layer of the dog's skin may split, filling it with cells and fluid. The skin then blisters, and pustules may form. This condition is more common in middle-aged and older dogs. The breeds that are most often affected with Pemphigus Foliaceus are chows, schipperkes, dachschunds, Dobermans, Newfoundlands and bearded collies. Another autoimmune disorder of the skin that is common in dogs is Discoid Lupus Erythematosus. This is an inflammatory condition that can affect the nose and face, causing a loss in pigmentation around the lips, eyes, ears, genitals and the nose. This is a seasonal condition that affects females more than males, especially those living in higher altitude areas.
Immune-Mediated Disorders
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Atopic Dermatitis is an immune-mediated skin disorder that may affect dogs. This condition is caused by a hypersensitivity to environmental substances such as dust mites, mold and pollen. Nutritional Dermatitis is caused by a lack of the necessary vitamins and minerals in the dog's diet. A dog with this condition will have a poor coat. Neurogenic Dermatitis is a condition that is caused by an uncontrollable urge to lick, and chew at areas on the dog's skin. This may be the result of boredom or separation anxiety.
Treatment
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A veterinarian will treat skin disorders according to the condition from which the dog is suffering. Some treatments that are commonly prescribed in the treatment of autoimmune skin disorders are antibiotics, diet changes, epsom salt baths, colloidal oatmeal for itchy skin, and an over-the-counter cortisone cream or spray.
Considerations
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If your pet has any of the symptoms of an autoimmune skin disorder, consult your veterinarian. Some skin conditions may worsen quickly, resulting in discomfort to the dog or infection.
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