One of the most common ailments afflicting dogs is a respiratory infection. Respiratory infections can be caused by several different pathogens. If not treated properly, a respiratory infection may leave your dog vulnerable to a secondary infection, which may include a bacterial infection of the sinuses or pneumonia.
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Causes
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A respiratory infection is an infection of the upper airways which includes the trachea, bronchi, nasal cavities and throat. The two most common pathogens that cause respiratory infections in dogs are bacterial and viral. Both types of infection are highly contagious. The most common bacterial infection in canines is caused by the bordotella bronchiseptica bacterium. It causes "kennel cough." Other types of bacteria that cause respiratory infections in dogs are Escherichia coli and streptococcus. Viral respiratory infections are caused by several different viruses, including canine distemper virus and canine influenza virus (H3N8).
Signs
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Some of the signs of a respiratory infection include sneezing, nasal irritation or a thick white discharge, coughing, low-grade fever, lethargy and breathing difficulty. The cough can be a dry, hacking cough or a moist, productive cough, depending on which pathogen caused the infection. The dog may cough up mucus or a whitish discharge and may appear as if he is foaming at the mouth.
Treatment
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Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and whether the infection is believed to be bacterial or viral. Secondary infections also will determine which treatment is necessary. The goals of treatment in respiratory infection include cough suppression and prevention of a secondary infection. These goals are achieved through supportive care and the use of medications.
Supportive Care
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Initial treatment of a respiratory infection focuses on supportive care. This includes good nutrition and a healthy diet. Adequate fluid intake is encouraged. In severe cases, when breathing is labored, supplemental oxygen may be given.
In canine respiratory infections, rest is very important. Exercise is restricted for two to three weeks. Respiratory infections are highly contagious, so the dog should be kept away from other dogs while she is sick.
Medicinal Therapy
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In moderate to severe infections, medicinal therapy may be necessary along with supportive care. Anti-inflammatory or steroidal medications may be used. Antitussives may be prescribed to help suppress coughing. Bronchodilators, such as aminophylline, may be used to help open up the dog's airways. In most cases--even for viral infections--an antibiotic such as doxycycline is prescribed to help prevent secondary infections or to treat them.
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