Flea collars are a common and inexpensive way to control fleas in cats and dogs. Although they are available over the counter, this doesn't mean that they don't carry hazards. Flea collars containing dichlorvos (DDVP) is a particular concern of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). The EPA estimates that these collars expose toddlers to 21 times the safe level of DDVP just from inhalation of the insecticide emitted from the collar.
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Organophosphates
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Organophosphates (OPs) are a group of seven specific insecticides that work by blocking the transmission of nerve signals to the brain and nervous system. They affect humans as well as pets, and even with normal use, pets and children may be in danger. OPs are found in almost every major brand of pet pesticide control products, including flea collars.
Many pet owners use a combination of sprays, dips, and collars to control fleas, exposing their pets and families to even greater levels of OPs. OPs are among the worst culprits in pet poisonings, with cats being particularly vulnerable. They often lack enzymes to detoxify OPs and tend to ingest more due to their grooming habits.
Carbamates
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Carbamates are a class of insecticides closely related to OPs. They kill fleas by using the same basic mechanism of interfering with nerve signal transmission. Vet Info suggests avoiding collars containing carbomates, as they may cause vomiting or more serious health problems. Instead, they recommend collars made with pyrethrins, which are derived from chrysanthemums, or collars made with natural citrus extract containing d-Limonene or linalool.
Choking Hazards
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Besides chemical hazards, choking from flea collars can also occur. If your pet wears a flea collar, be sure that it fits properly. You should be able to slide one finger beneath it. Don't forget in puppies and kittens to loosen collars as they grow. Long-haired pets who are shaved or cut short can suffer from a too-tight collar when the hair grows, especially if the fur is very thick.
Too-loose collars are just as dangerous. They allow a pet to get caught on shrubs, fences, or furniture and can easily choke and kill them. Never allow excessive length to hang off a flea collar. Cut collars to fit.
Preventing Fleas
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Preventing fleas in the yard can eliminate the need for collars. One natural option is to use nematodes, or worms which feed on flea larvae. If you choose a chemical approach, be sure to read the instructions and keep chemicals away from children.
Warnings
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Most flea collars are not made for use on kittens and puppies under six weeks of age. Never allow children to handle flea collars, and wash your hands thoroughly after handling. Do not let pets play with or chew on collars. Even if your pet doesn't use flea collars and chemicals for flea control, he may be exposed to the chemicals when playing with pets who do.
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