Canine hip dysplasia is an abnormal development of the hip joint of the dog. The joint involved is the one formed by the pelvis and the top of the femur, or thigh bone. The bones forming this joint are unstable; ultimately, arthritis occurs in untreated cases.
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Causes
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Hip dysplasia has a number of contributing factors. Genetics play a large role, with pups from parents with hip dysplasia having a high possibility of also developing hip dysplasia. Other factors include fast growth and excessive exercise.
Signs
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The signs of hip dysplasia are variable and do not always correspond with severe disease. Dogs may have mild to severe lameness, particularly pronounced after exercise. Some dogs have a peculiar "bunny hop" gait.
Diagnosis
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Diagnosis revolves around a physical exam and X-rays. The veterinarian may find a loose hip joint and reduced range of motion. Most definitive is an X-ray of the pelvis and hip joints while the dog is sedated.
Arthritis
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The joint abnormality causes the bones to rub against each other in an abnormal manner. This causes damage to the joint or arthritis. Bone spurs may also form on the ends of the bones, causing more pain and damage.
Treatment
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Treatment can be surgery to reduce pain and remodel the joint into a more stable one. Medical treatments consist of weight reduction, physical therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and inflammation.
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