Kennel cough, or tracheobronchitis, in dogs can be caused by several underlying conditions including the Bordetella bronchiseptica bacteria, distemper, the canine adenovirus, and parainfluenza virus. The incubation period for kennel cough will vary based on the underlying cause.
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Bordetella
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Dogs that are infected with kennel cough as a result of Bordetella bronchiseptica can expect to begin coughing within a week of exposure. Kennel cough due to bordetella can be prevented or the symptoms can be significantly reduced by making sure the dog receives an annual Bordetella vaccine.
Viruses
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Kennel cough caused by any one of the upper respiratory viruses in the kennel cough complex can expect to begin exhibiting symptoms within two to 14 days of exposure to the virus. Most owners can prevent these infections by simply ensuring the dog receives his annual vaccinations.
Distemper
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Canine distemper is a serious virus that initially attacks the respiratory tract in dogs, causing normal upper respiratory infection symptoms. The incubation period for distemper is much like those for other viral infections, lasting two to 14 days. This disease is often fatal and recovery is dependent on the dog's ability to mount an immunological response. Prevention through vaccination is recommended by all veterinarians.
Treatment
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Supportive care is recommended for dogs throughout the viral life cycle, including the incubation period, in order to help the dog combat the illness as adequate anti-viral protocols are lacking in veterinary medicine.
Mortality
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Kennel cough itself is rarely fatal, though secondary infections such as pneumonia are common and can result in death.
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